What is Acute Coronary Syndrome?

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) develops when the coronary arteries, which are the blood vessels supplying the heart with blood rich in nutrients and oxygen, become damaged or diseased. The primary contributor to ACS is the gradual accumulation of plaque consisting of fats, cholesterol, and other substances within the walls of the coronary artery, a process commonly known as atherosclerosis.

Over time, this plaque undergoes a hardening process, leading to the narrowing or complete blockage of the arteries. The consequences – a restricted blood supply to the heart, resulting in an inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to multiple cardiovascular problems.

One of the primary signs of ACS is chest pain, commonly referred to as angina. This discomfort arises due to the heart’s struggle to receive an ample supply of oxygen. If left unaddressed, ACS can escalate to more severe conditions, including heart attacks. A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is obstructed, leading to the death of that muscle tissue. This not only impairs the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively but also poses a significant threat to the overall well-being.

ACS can also contribute to heart failure, a condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently to meet the body’s needs. This results in symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. ACS can also lead to some heart rhythm problems which can range from mild palpitations to life-threatening conditions.

ACS is sometimes also referred to as coronary artery disease or atherosclerotic heart disease.